Matlab快速入门之多变量数据

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今天,带来Matlab中关于多变量统计数据的分析方法,我们一般使用列向分析方法,每一列代表一个边栏,对应的观测值放于每一行上。

MATLAB® 对多变量统计数据使用列向分析。数据集中的每一列都代表一个变量,每一行都代表一个观测值。第 (i,j) 个元素是第 j 个变量的第 i 个观测值。

Matlab快速入门之多变量数据

例如,设想一个具有三个变量的数据集:

  • 心率
  • 体重
  • 每周锻炼小时数

对于五个观测值,最终数组可能如下所示

>> D = [72,134,3.2;81,201,3.5;69,156,7.1;82,148,2.4;75,170,1.2]

D =

   72.0000  134.0000    3.2000
   81.0000  201.0000    3.5000
   69.0000  156.0000    7.1000
   82.0000  148.0000    2.4000
   75.0000  170.0000    1.2000

第一行包含患者 1 的心率、体重和锻炼小时数,第二行包含患者 2 的数据,依此类推。现在,您可以对此数据集应用多个 MATLAB 数据分析函数:例如,要获取每一列的平均差和标准差,请使用

>> mu = mean(D), sigma = std(D)

mu =

   75.8000  161.8000    3.4800


sigma =

    5.6303   25.4990    2.2107
Matlab快速入门之多变量数据

有关 MATLAB 中提供的数据分析函数的列表,请键入help datafun

>> help datafun
  Data analysis and Fourier transforms.
 
  Basic operations.
    max         - Largest component.
    min         - Smallest component.
    mean        - Average or mean value.
    median      - Median value.
    mode        - Mode, or most frequent value in a sample.
    std         - Standard deviation.
    var         - Variance.
    sort        - Sort in ascending order. 
    sortrows    - Sort rows in ascending order.
    issorted    - TRUE for sorted vector and matrices.
    sum         - Sum of elements.
    prod        - Product of elements.
    histogram   - Histogram.
    histcounts  - Histogram bin counts.
    trapz       - Trapezoidal numerical integration.
    movsum      - Moving sum of elements.
    movvar      - Moving variance.
    movstd      - Moving standard deviation.
    movmedian   - Moving median.
    movmean     - Moving mean.
    movmin      - Moving minimum.
    movmax      - Moving maximum.
    cumsum      - Cumulative sum of elements.
    cumprod     - Cumulative product of elements.
    cummin      - Cumulative smallest component.
    cummax      - Cumulative largest component.
    cumtrapz    - Cumulative trapezoidal numerical integration.
 
  Finite differences.
    diff        - Difference and approximate derivative.
    gradient    - Approximate gradient.
    del2        - Discrete Laplacian.
 
  Correlation.
    corrcoef    - Correlation coefficients.
    cov         - Covariance matrix.
    subspace    - Angle between subspaces.
 
  Filtering and convolution.
    filter      - One-dimensional digital filter.
    filter2     - Two-dimensional digital filter.
    conv        - Convolution and polynomial multiplication.
    conv2       - Two-dimensional convolution.
    convn       - N-dimensional convolution.
    deconv      - Deconvolution and polynomial division.
    detrend     - Linear trend removal.
 
  Fourier transforms.
    fft         - Discrete Fourier transform.
    fft2        - Two-dimensional discrete Fourier transform.
    fftn        - N-dimensional discrete Fourier Transform.
    ifft        - Inverse discrete Fourier transform.
    ifft2       - Two-dimensional inverse discrete Fourier transform.
    ifftn       - N-dimensional inverse discrete Fourier Transform.
    fftshift    - Shift zero-frequency component to center of spectrum.
    ifftshift   - Inverse FFTSHIFT.
    fftw        - Interface to FFTW library run-time algorithm tuning control.

如果您可以使用 Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox™ 软件,请键入help stats

>> help stats
  Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox
  Version 10.2 (R2016a) 10-Feb-2016
 
  Distributions.
   Parameter estimation.
    betafit     - Beta parameter estimation.
    binofit     - Binomial parameter estimation.
    dfittool    - Distribution fitting app.
    evfit       - Extreme value parameter estimation.
    expfit      - Exponential parameter estimation.
    fitdist     - Distribution fitting.
    fitgmdist   - Fit a Gaussian mixture model to data.
    gamfit      - Gamma parameter estimation.
    gevfit      - Generalized extreme value parameter estimation.
    gpfit       - Generalized Pareto parameter estimation.
    lognfit     - Lognormal parameter estimation.
    makedist    - Make probability distribution.
    mle         - Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE).
    mlecov      - Asymptotic covariance matrix of MLE.
    nbinfit     - Negative binomial parameter estimation.
    normfit     - Normal parameter estimation.
    paretotails - Empirical cdf with generalized Pareto tails.
    poissfit    - Poisson parameter estimation.
    raylfit     - Rayleigh parameter estimation.
    unifit      - Uniform parameter estimation.
    wblfit      - Weibull parameter estimation.
 
   Probability density functions (pdf).
    betapdf     - Beta density.
    binopdf     - Binomial density.
    chi2pdf     - Chi square density.
    evpdf       - Extreme value density.
    exppdf      - Exponential density.
    fpdf        - F density.
    gampdf      - Gamma density.
    geopdf      - Geometric density.
    gevpdf      - Generalized extreme value density.
    gppdf       - Generalized Pareto density.
    hygepdf     - Hypergeometric density.
    lognpdf     - Lognormal density.
    mnpdf       - Multinomial probability density function.
    mvnpdf      - Multivariate normal density.
    mvtpdf      - Multivariate t density.
    nbinpdf     - Negative binomial density.
    ncfpdf      - Noncentral F density.
    nctpdf      - Noncentral t density.
    ncx2pdf     - Noncentral Chi-square density.
    normpdf     - Normal (Gaussian) density.
    pdf         - Density function for a specified distribution.
    poisspdf    - Poisson density.
    raylpdf     - Rayleigh density.
    tpdf        - T density.
    unidpdf     - Discrete uniform density.
    unifpdf     - Uniform density.
    wblpdf      - Weibull density.
 
   Cumulative Distribution functions (cdf).
    betacdf     - Beta cumulative distribution function.
    binocdf     - Binomial cumulative distribution function.
    cdf         - Specified cumulative distribution function.
    chi2cdf     - Chi square cumulative distribution function.
    ecdf        - Empirical cumulative distribution function (Kaplan-Meier estimate).
    evcdf       - Extreme value cumulative distribution function.
    expcdf      - Exponential cumulative distribution function.
    fcdf        - F cumulative distribution function.
    gamcdf      - Gamma cumulative distribution function.
    geocdf      - Geometric cumulative distribution function.
    gevcdf      - Generalized extreme value cumulative distribution function.
    gpcdf       - Generalized Pareto cumulative distribution function.
    hygecdf     - Hypergeometric cumulative distribution function.
    logncdf     - Lognormal cumulative distribution function.
    mvncdf      - Multivariate normal cumulative distribution function.
    mvtcdf      - Multivariate t cumulative distribution function.
    nbincdf     - Negative binomial cumulative distribution function.
    ncfcdf      - Noncentral F cumulative distribution function.
    nctcdf      - Noncentral t cumulative distribution function.
    ncx2cdf     - Noncentral Chi-square cumulative distribution function.
    normcdf     - Normal (Gaussian) cumulative distribution function.
    poisscdf    - Poisson cumulative distribution function.
    raylcdf     - Rayleigh cumulative distribution function.
    tcdf        - T cumulative distribution function.
    unidcdf     - Discrete uniform cumulative distribution function.
    unifcdf     - Uniform cumulative distribution function.
    wblcdf      - Weibull cumulative distribution function.
 
   Critical Values of Distribution functions.
    betainv     - Beta inverse cumulative distribution function.
    binoinv     - Binomial inverse cumulative distribution function.
    chi2inv     - Chi square inverse cumulative distribution function.
    evinv       - Extreme value inverse cumulative distribution function.
    expinv      - Exponential inverse cumulative distribution function.
    finv        - F inverse cumulative distribution function.
    gaminv      - Gamma inverse cumulative distribution function.
    geoinv      - Geometric inverse cumulative distribution function.
    gevinv      - Generalized extreme value inverse cumulative distribution function.
    gpinv       - Generalized Pareto inverse cumulative distribution function.
    hygeinv     - Hypergeometric inverse cumulative distribution function.
    icdf        - Specified inverse cumulative distribution function.
    logninv     - Lognormal inverse cumulative distribution function.
    nbininv     - Negative binomial inverse distribution function.
    ncfinv      - Noncentral F inverse cumulative distribution function.
    nctinv      - Noncentral t inverse cumulative distribution function.
    ncx2inv     - Noncentral Chi-square inverse distribution function.
    norminv     - Normal (Gaussian) inverse cumulative distribution function.
    poissinv    - Poisson inverse cumulative distribution function.
    raylinv     - Rayleigh inverse cumulative distribution function.
    tinv        - T inverse cumulative distribution function.
    unidinv     - Discrete uniform inverse cumulative distribution function.
    unifinv     - Uniform inverse cumulative distribution function.
    wblinv      - Weibull inverse cumulative distribution function.
 
   Random Number Generators.
    betarnd     - Beta random numbers.
    binornd     - Binomial random numbers.
    chi2rnd     - Chi square random numbers.
    datasample  - Randomly sample from data, with or without replacement.
    evrnd       - Extreme value random numbers.
    exprnd      - Exponential random numbers.
    frnd        - F random numbers.
    gamrnd      - Gamma random numbers.
    geornd      - Geometric random numbers.
    gevrnd      - Generalized extreme value random numbers.
    gprnd       - Generalized Pareto inverse random numbers.
    hygernd     - Hypergeometric random numbers.
    iwishrnd    - Inverse Wishart random matrix.
    johnsrnd    - Random numbers from the Johnson system of distributions.
    lognrnd     - Lognormal random numbers.
    mhsample    - Metropolis-Hastings algorithm.
    mnrnd       - Multinomial random vectors.
    mvnrnd      - Multivariate normal random vectors.
    mvtrnd      - Multivariate t random vectors.
    nbinrnd     - Negative binomial random numbers.
    ncfrnd      - Noncentral F random numbers.
    nctrnd      - Noncentral t random numbers.
    ncx2rnd     - Noncentral Chi-square random numbers.
    normrnd     - Normal (Gaussian) random numbers.
    pearsrnd    - Random numbers from the Pearson system of distributions.
    poissrnd    - Poisson random numbers.
    randg       - Gamma random numbers (unit scale).
    random      - Random numbers from specified distribution.
    randsample  - Random sample from finite population.
    raylrnd     - Rayleigh random numbers.
    slicesample - Slice sampling method.
    trnd        - T random numbers.
    unidrnd     - Discrete uniform random numbers.
    unifrnd     - Uniform random numbers.
    wblrnd      - Weibull random numbers.
    wishrnd     - Wishart random matrix.
 
   Quasi-Random Number Generators.
    haltonset   - Halton sequence point set.       
    qrandstream - Quasi-random stream.
    sobolset    - Sobol sequence point set.
 
   Statistics.
    betastat    - Beta mean and variance.
    binostat    - Binomial mean and variance.
    chi2stat    - Chi square mean and variance.
    evstat      - Extreme value mean and variance.
    expstat     - Exponential mean and variance.
    fstat       - F mean and variance.
    gamstat     - Gamma mean and variance.
    geostat     - Geometric mean and variance.
    gevstat     - Generalized extreme value mean and variance.
    gpstat      - Generalized Pareto inverse mean and variance.
    hygestat    - Hypergeometric mean and variance.
    lognstat    - Lognormal mean and variance.
    nbinstat    - Negative binomial mean and variance.
    ncfstat     - Noncentral F mean and variance.
    nctstat     - Noncentral t mean and variance.
    ncx2stat    - Noncentral Chi-square mean and variance.
    normstat    - Normal (Gaussian) mean and variance.
    poisstat    - Poisson mean and variance.
    raylstat    - Rayleigh mean and variance.
    tstat       - T mean and variance.
    unidstat    - Discrete uniform mean and variance.
    unifstat    - Uniform mean and variance.
    wblstat     - Weibull mean and variance.
 
   Likelihood functions.
    betalike    - Negative beta log-likelihood.
    evlike      - Negative extreme value log-likelihood.
    explike     - Negative exponential log-likelihood.
    gamlike     - Negative gamma log-likelihood.
    gevlike     - Generalized extreme value log-likelihood.
    gplike      - Generalized Pareto inverse log-likelihood.
    lognlike    - Negative lognormal log-likelihood.
    nbinlike    - Negative binomial log-likelihood.
    normlike    - Negative normal likelihood.
    wbllike     - Negative Weibull log-likelihood.
 
  Descriptive Statistics.
    bootci      - Bootstrap confidence intervals.
    bootstrp    - Bootstrap statistics.
    corr        - Linear or rank correlation coefficient.
    corrcoef    - Linear correlation coefficient (in MATLAB toolbox).
    cov         - Covariance (in MATLAB toolbox).
    crosstab    - Cross tabulation.
    geomean     - Geometric mean.
    grpstats    - Summary statistics by group.
    harmmean    - Harmonic mean.
    iqr         - Interquartile range.
    jackknife   - Jackknife statistics.
    kurtosis    - Kurtosis.
    mad         - Median Absolute Deviation.
    mean        - Sample average (in MATLAB toolbox).
    median      - 50th percentile of a sample (in MATLAB toolbox).
    mode        - Mode, or most frequent value in a sample (in MATLAB toolbox).
    moment      - Moments of a sample.
    nancov      - Covariance matrix ignoring NaNs.
    nanmax      - Maximum ignoring NaNs.
    nanmean     - Mean ignoring NaNs.
    nanmedian   - Median ignoring NaNs.
    nanmin      - Minimum ignoring NaNs.
    nanstd      - Standard deviation ignoring NaNs.
    nansum      - Sum ignoring NaNs.
    nanvar      - Variance ignoring NaNs.
    partialcorr - Linear or rank partial correlation coefficient.
    partialcorri - Partial correlation coefficients with internal adjustments.
    prctile     - Percentiles.
    quantile    - Quantiles.
    range       - Range.
    robustcov   - Robust estimation of covariance and mean.
    skewness    - Skewness.
    std         - Standard deviation (in MATLAB toolbox).
    tabulate    - Frequency table.
    trimmean    - Trimmed mean.
    var         - Variance (in MATLAB toolbox).
 
  Parametric Regression Analysis.
   Regression Model Building.
    fitglm      - Fit generalized linear model.
    fitlm       - Fit linear model by least squares or robust fitting.
    fitlme      - Fit linear mixed effects model.
    fitlmematrix - Fit linear mixed effects model to matrix data.
    fitglme     - Fit generalized linear mixed effects model.
    fitnlm      - Fit nonlinear model by least squares or robust fitting.
    fitrm       - Fit repeated measures model.
    stepwiseglm - Fit generalized linear model by stepwise regression.
    stepwiselm  - Fit linear model by stepwise regression.
 
   Analysis of Variance.
    anova1      - One-way analysis of variance.
    anova2      - Two-way analysis of variance.
    anovan      - n-way analysis of variance.
    aoctool     - Interactive tool for analysis of covariance.
    friedman    - Friedman's test (nonparametric two-way anova).
    kruskalwallis - Kruskal-Wallis test (nonparametric one-way anova).
    manova1     - One-way multivariate analysis of variance.
    manovacluster - Draw clusters of group means for manova1.
    multcompare - Multiple comparisons of means and other estimates.
 
   Linear Regression
    dummyvar    - Dummy-variable coding.
    glmfit      - Generalized linear model coefficient estimation.
    glmval      - Evaluate fitted values for generalized linear model.
    invpred     - Inverse prediction for simple linear regression.
    leverage    - Regression diagnostic.
    lscov       - Ordinary, weighted, or generalized least-squares (in MATLAB toolbox).
    lsqnonneg   - Non-negative least-squares (in MATLAB toolbox).
    mnrfit      - Nominal or ordinal multinomial regression model fitting.
    mnrval      - Predict values for nominal or ordinal multinomial regression.
    multcompare - Multiple comparisons of means and other estimates.
    mvregress   - Multivariate regression with missing data.
    mvregresslike - Negative log-likelihood for multivariate regression.
    polyconf    - Polynomial evaluation and confidence interval estimation.
    polyfit     - Least-squares polynomial fitting (in MATLAB toolbox).
    polyval     - Predicted values for polynomial functions (in MATLAB toolbox).
    regress     - Multiple linear regression using least squares.
    regstats    - Regression diagnostics.
    ridge       - Ridge regression.
    robustfit   - Robust regression model fitting.
    stepwise    - Interactive tool for stepwise regression.
    stepwisefit - Non-interactive stepwise regression.
    x2fx        - Factor settings matrix (x) to design matrix (fx).
 
   Nonlinear Regression.
    coxphfit    - Cox proportional hazards regression.
    nlinfit     - Nonlinear least-squares coefficient estimation.
    nlintool    - Interactive graphical tool for prediction in nonlinear models.
    nlmefit     - Nonlinear mixed-effects data fitting.
    nlmefitoutputfcn - Output function example for nlmefit and nlmefitsa.
    nlmefitsa   - Fit nonlinear mixed effects model with stochastic EM algorithm.
    nlpredci    - Confidence intervals for prediction.
    nlparci     - Confidence intervals for parameters.
 
   Regression Plots.
    addedvarplot - Created added-variable plot for stepwise regression.
    nlintool    - Interactive graphical tool for prediction in nonlinear models.
    polytool    - Interactive graph for prediction of fitted polynomials.
    rcoplot     - Residuals case order plot.
    robustdemo  - Interactive tool to compare robust and least squares fits.
    rsmdemo     - Reaction simulation (DOE, RSM, nonlinear curve fitting).
    rstool      - Multidimensional response surface visualization (RSM).
 
  Design of Experiments (DOE).
    bbdesign    - Box-Behnken design.
    candexch    - D-optimal design (row exchange algorithm for candidate set).
    candgen     - Candidates set for D-optimal design generation.
    ccdesign    - Central composite design.
    cordexch    - D-optimal design (coordinate exchange algorithm).
    daugment    - Augment D-optimal design.
    dcovary     - D-optimal design with fixed covariates.
    fracfactgen - Fractional factorial design generators.
    ff2n        - Two-level full-factorial design.
    fracfact    - Two-level fractional factorial design.
    fullfact    - Mixed-level full-factorial design.
    hadamard    - Hadamard matrices (orthogonal arrays) (in MATLAB toolbox).
    lhsdesign   - Latin hypercube sampling design.
    lhsnorm     - Latin hypercube multivariate normal sample.
    rowexch     - D-optimal design (row exchange algorithm).
 
  Statistical Process Control (SPC).
    capability  - Capability indices.
    capaplot    - Capability plot.
    controlchart - Shewhart control chart.
    controlrules - Control rules (Western Electric or Nelson) for SPC data.
    gagerr      - Gage repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) study.
    histfit     - Histogram with superimposed normal density.
    normspec    - Plot normal density between specification limits.
    runstest    - Runs test for randomness.
 
  Multivariate Statistics.
   Cluster Analysis.
    cophenet    - Cophenetic coefficient.
    cluster     - Construct clusters from LINKAGE output.
    clusterdata - Construct clusters from data.
    dendrogram  - Generate dendrogram plot.
    evalclusters - Evaluate clustering solutions to select number of clusters.
    fitgmdist   - Fit a Gaussian mixture model to data.
    inconsistent - Inconsistent values of a cluster tree.
    kmeans      - k-means clustering.
    kmedoids    - k-medoids clustering.
    linkage     - Hierarchical cluster information.
    pdist       - Pairwise distance between observations.
    silhouette  - Silhouette plot of clustered data.
    squareform  - Square matrix formatted distance.
    optimalleaforder - optimal leaf ordering for hierarchical clustering.
 
   Parametric Classification.
    classify    - Linear discriminant analysis.
    fitcdiscr   - Fit linear discriminant analysis model with regularization.
    makecdiscr  - Make a discriminant from class means and covariance matrix.
 
   Dimension Reduction Techniques.
    factoran    - Factor analysis.
    nnmf        - Non-negative matrix factorization.
    pca         - Principal components analysis (PCA) from raw data.
    pcacov      - Principal components analysis (PCA) from covariance matrix.
    pcares      - Residuals from principal components analysis (PCA).
    ppca        - Probabilistic PCA.
    rotatefactors - Rotation of FA or PCA loadings.
 
   Copulas.
    copulacdf   - Cumulative probability function for a copula.
    copulafit   - Fit a parametric copula to data.
    copulaparam - Copula parameters as a function of rank correlation.
    copulapdf   - Probability density function for a copula.
    copularnd   - Random vectors from a copula.
    copulastat  - Rank correlation for a copula.
 
   Nearest Neighbor Methods.
    fitcknn     - Fit K nearest neighbor classification model.
    createns    - Create a NeighborSearcher object for nearest neighbor search.
    ExhaustiveSearcher - Nearest neighbor search object using exhaustive search.
    knnsearch   - Find K nearest neighbors.
    KDTreeSearcher - Nearest neighbor search object using kd-tree.
    pdist2      - Pairwise distance between two sets of observations.
    rangesearch - Find neighbors within specified radius.
 
   Plotting.
    andrewsplot - Andrews plot for multivariate data.
    biplot      - Biplot of variable/factor coefficients and scores.
    interactionplot - Interaction plot for factor effects.
    maineffectsplot - Main effects plot for factor effects.
    glyphplot   - Plot stars or Chernoff faces for multivariate data.
    gplotmatrix - Matrix of scatter plots grouped by a common variable.
    multivarichart - Multi-vari chart of factor effects.
    parallelcoords - Parallel coordinates plot for multivariate data.
 
   Other Multivariate Methods.
    barttest    - Bartlett's test for dimensionality.
    canoncorr   - Canonical correlation analysis.
    cmdscale    - Classical multidimensional scaling.
    mahal       - Mahalanobis distance.
    manova1     - One-way multivariate analysis of variance.
    mdscale     - Metric and non-metric multidimensional scaling.
    mvregress   - Multivariate regression with missing data.
    plsregress  - Partial least squares regression.
    procrustes  - Procrustes analysis.
 
  Supervised Learning.
    classificationLearner - Classification machine learning app.
    CompactTreeBagger - Lightweight ensemble of bagged decision trees.
    designecoc  - Coding matrix for reducing a multiclass problem to a set of binary problems.
    fitcecoc    - Fit a multiclass model for Support Vector Machine or other classifiers.
    fitclinear  - Fit a linear classification model to high-dimensional data.
    fitcnb      - Fit a Naive Bayes classifier.
    fitcsvm     - Fit a classification Support Vector Machine (SVM).
    fitctree    - Fit decision tree for classification.
    fitrgp      - Fit a Gaussian Process (GP) regression model.
    fitrlinear  - Fit a linear regression model to high-dimensional data.
    fitrsvm     - Fit a regression Support Vector Machine (SVM).
    fitrtree    - Fit decision tree for regression.
    fitensemble - Fit an ensemble of learners.
    fitSVMPosterior - Fit posterior probabilities for a Support Vector Machine model.
    testcholdout - Compare accuracies of two sets of predicted class labels.
    testckfold  - Compare accuracies of two classifiers by repeated cross-validation.
    TreeBagger  - Ensemble of bagged decision trees.
 
  Hypothesis Tests.
    ansaribradley - Ansari-Bradley two-sample test for equal dispersions.
    dwtest      - Durbin-Watson test for autocorrelation in linear regression.
    linhyptest  - Linear hypothesis test on parameter estimates.
    ranksum     - Wilcoxon rank sum test (independent samples).
    runstest    - Runs test for randomness.
    sampsizepwr - Sample size and power calculation for hypothesis test.
    signrank    - Wilcoxon sign rank test (paired samples).
    signtest    - Sign test (paired samples).
    ttest       - One-sample and paired-sample t test.
    ttest2      - Two-sample t test.
    vartest     - One-sample test of variance.
    vartest2    - Two-sample F test for equal variances.
    vartestn    - Test for equal variances across multiple groups.
    ztest       - Z test.
 
  Distribution Testing.
    adtest      - Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test.
    chi2gof     - Chi-square goodness-of-fit test.
    jbtest      - Jarque-Bera test of normality.
    kstest      - Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for one sample.
    kstest2     - Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for two samples.
    lillietest  - Lilliefors test of normality.
 
  Nonparametric Functions.
    fishertest  - Fisher's exact test
    friedman    - Friedman's test (nonparametric two-way anova).
    kruskalwallis - Kruskal-Wallis test (nonparametric one-way anova).
    ksdensity   - Kernel smoothing density estimation.
    mvksdensity - Multivariate kernel smoothing density estimation.
    ranksum     - Wilcoxon rank sum test (independent samples).
    signrank    - Wilcoxon sign rank test (paired samples).
    signtest    - Sign test (paired samples).
 
  Hidden Markov Models.
    hmmdecode   - Calculate HMM posterior state probabilities.
    hmmestimate - Estimate HMM parameters given state information.
    hmmgenerate - Generate random sequence for HMM.
    hmmtrain    - Calculate maximum likelihood estimates for HMM parameters.
    hmmviterbi  - Calculate most probable state path for HMM sequence.
 
  Model Assessment.
    confusionmat - Confusion matrix for classification algorithms.
    crossval    - Loss estimate using cross-validation.
    cvpartition - Cross-validation partition.
    perfcurve   - ROC and other performance measures for classification algorithms.
 
  Model Selection.
    lasso       - Lasso and elastic net linear regression.
    lassoglm    - Lasso and elastic net generalized linear regression.
    lassoPlot   - Lasso and elastic net plotting.
    sequentialfs - Sequential feature selection.
    stepwise    - Interactive tool for stepwise regression.
    stepwisefit - Non-interactive stepwise regression.
    relieff     - Importance of attributes (predictors) using ReliefF algorithm.
 
  Statistical Plotting.
    andrewsplot - Andrews plot for multivariate data.
    biplot      - Biplot of variable/factor coefficients and scores.
    boxplot     - Boxplots of a data matrix (one per column).
    cdfplot     - Plot of empirical cumulative distribution function.
    ecdf        - Empirical cdf (Kaplan-Meier estimate).
    ecdfhist    - Histogram calculated from empirical cdf.
    fsurfht     - Interactive contour plot of a function.
    gline       - Point, drag and click line drawing on figures.
    glyphplot   - Plot stars or Chernoff faces for multivariate data.
    gname       - Interactive point labeling in x-y plots.
    gplotmatrix - Matrix of scatter plots grouped by a common variable.
    gscatter    - Scatter plot of two variables grouped by a third.
    hist        - Histogram (in MATLAB toolbox).
    hist3       - Three-dimensional histogram of bivariate data.
    ksdensity   - Kernel smoothing density estimation.
    lsline      - Add least-square fit line to scatter plot.
    normplot    - Normal probability plot.
    parallelcoords - Parallel coordinates plot for multivariate data.
    probplot    - Probability plot.
    qqplot      - Quantile-Quantile plot.
    refcurve    - Reference polynomial curve.
    refline     - Reference line.
    scatterhist - 2D scatter plot with marginal histograms.
    surfht      - Interactive contour plot of a data grid.
    wblplot     - Weibull probability plot.
 
  Data Objects
    dataset     - Create datasets from workspace variables or files.
    dataset2table - Convert dataset array to table.
    cell2dataset - Convert cell array to dataset array.
    mat2dataset - Convert matrix to dataset array.
    struct2dataset - Convert structure array to dataset array.
    table2dataset - Convert table to dataset array.
    nominal     - Create arrays of nominal data.
    ordinal     - Create arrays of ordinal data.
 
  Statistics Demos.
    aoctool     - Interactive tool for analysis of covariance.
    disttool    - GUI tool for exploring probability distribution functions.
    polytool    - Interactive graph for prediction of fitted polynomials.
    randtool    - GUI tool for generating random numbers.
    rsmdemo     - Reaction simulation (DOE, RSM, nonlinear curve fitting).
    robustdemo  - Interactive tool to compare robust and least squares fits.
 
  File Based I/O.
    tblread     - Read in data in tabular format.
    tblwrite    - Write out data in tabular format to file.
    tdfread     - Read in text and numeric data from tab-delimited file.
    caseread    - Read in case names.
    casewrite   - Write out case names to file.
    xptread     - Create a dataset array from a SAS XPORT format file.
 
  Utility Functions.
    cholcov     - Cholesky-like decomposition for covariance matrix.
    combnk      - Enumeration of all combinations of n objects k at a time.
    corrcov     - Convert covariance matrix to correlation matrix.
    groupingvariable - Help information for grouping variables.
    grp2idx     - Convert grouping variable to indices and array of names.
    hougen      - Prediction function for Hougen model (nonlinear example).
    parallelstats - Help information for parallel computing options.
    statget     - Get stats options parameter value.
    statset     - Set stats options parameter value.
    templateDiscriminant - Create a discriminant template.  
    templateECOC - Create a template for ECOC learning.
    templateEnsemble - Create an ensemble template.
    templateLinear - Create a linear model template for high-dimensional data.
    templateKNN - Create a classification KNN template.
    templateNaiveBayes - Create a naive Bayes template.
    templateSVM - Create a support vector machine template.     
    templateTree - Create a decision tree template.           
    tiedrank    - Compute ranks of sample, adjusting for ties.
    zscore      - Normalize matrix columns to mean 0, variance 1.

以上每个函数都可以在Matlab中获取其对应的help文件描述,我们后面也会考虑将这些函数都给出相应的用法描述。

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